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CAD DESIGNING AND DRAFTING
Computer-aided design (CAD) Computer-aided designing and drafting (CADD) is used to design and develop products, these can be goods used by end consumers or intermediate goods used in other products. CAD is also extensively used in the design of tools and machinery used in the manufacture of components. CAD is used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout, through detailed engineering and analysis of components to definition of manufacturing methods.
Fields of Use

AEC Architecture Engineering and Construction
Building engineering
MCAD Mechanical
Automotive
Aerospace
Consumer Goods
Machinery
Ship Building
ECAD Electronic and Electrical
Manufacturing process planning
In designing digital circuits

Architecture
The software package may produce its results in several formats, but typically provides a graphically-based result which is then able to be used to create concept sketches for assessment and approval, and eventually working drawings. An example would be a structural design package used to assess the integrity of a steel-framed building by performing all the calculations necessary to determine the size and strength of the components, and the effect of such things as wind-loading. The output commonly is a schedule of materials and some basic sketches which can be transferred to a computer-aided drafting package for final production of construction working drawings.

Computer-aided drafting, however, commonly refers to the actual technical drawing component of the project, using a computer rather than a traditional drawing board. The input into this aspect of the design process may come from specialised calculation packages, from pre-existing component drawings, from graphical images such as maps, from photos and other media, or simply from hand-drawn sketches done by the designer. The operator's task is to use the CAD software to meld all the relevant components together to produce drawings and specifications which can then be used to estimate quantities of materials, determine the cost of the project and ultimately provide the detailed drawings necessary to build it.

The spectrum of architectural and engineering projects commonly documented with computer-aided drafting is broad, and includes architectural, mechanical, electrical, structural, hydraulic, interior design, civil construction. CAD may also provide input to other forms of design communication such as 3D visualisations, model construction, animated fly-throughs, to name a few.

Computer-aided drafting software is also a basic tool used in other disciplines related to Architecture, for example Civil Engineering, for site design, for instance roads, grading and drainage, in mapping and cartography, in the production of plans and sketches for a variety of other purposes (such surveyor's plans and legal descriptions of land), and as the input format to geographic and facilities information systems. Additionally, landscape architecture and interior design is often also commonly performed using CAD software
Mechanical
CAD is used in a variety of ways within engineering companies. At its simplest level it is a 2D Wireframe package that is used to create engineering drawings. This has however over the last 20 years been overtaken by 3D parametric feature based modelling. Component forms are created either using Freeform surface modelling or solid modelling or a hybrid of the two. These individual components are then assembled into a 3D representation of the final product; this is called bottom-up design. These assembly models can be used to perform analysis to assess if the components can be assembled and fit together as well as for simulating the dynamics of the product. FEA can also be performed on the components and assemblies to assess their strength. Over the last few years, methods and technology have been developed to do top-down design within CAD. This involves starting with a layout diagram of the product; which is broken down into sub-systems with ever increasing detail until the level of single components is reached; geometry in each level being associative with the level above. Detailed design of the individual components is then completed before building up the final product assembly. In general the 3D models are used to generate a 2D technical drawing, this has, however, been slowly replaced by direct transfer of the data to CAM, CNC , Rapid prototyping and Product visualization systems, non geometric information being communicated to down-stream processes with the aid of PMI.
Electrical and electronic
Electronic design automation (EDA) includes PCB design, intelligent wiring diagrams (routing) and component connection management
Manufacturing process planning
2D and 3D CAD systems are sometimes used for graphically represented of plant layout, usually with the aid of specific machine geometry libraries and layout tools. Although this is often done with specialist real-time process simulation tools based on Product visualization and Manufacturing Process Management technologies
The capabilities of modern CAD systems include:
Wireframe geometry creation
3D parametric feature based modelling, Solid modelling
Freeform surface modelling
Automated design of assemblies, which are collections of parts and/or other assemblies
create Engineering drawings from the solid models
Reuse of design components
Ease of modification of design of model and the production of multiple versions
Automatic generation of standard components of the design
Validation/verification of designs against specifications and design rules
Simulation of designs without building a physical prototype
Output of engineering documentation, such as manufacturing drawings, and Bills of Materials to reflect the BOM required to build the product
Import/Export routines to exchange data with other software packages
Output of design data directly to manufacturing facilities
Output directly to a Rapid Prototyping or Rapid Manufacture Machine for industrial prototypes
maintain libraries of parts and assemblies
calculate mass properties of parts and assemblies
aid visualization with shading, rotating, hidden line removal, etc...
Bi-directional parametric associatively (modification of any feature is reflected in all information relying on that feature; drawings, mass properties, assemblies, etc... and counter wise)
kinematics, interference and clearance checking of assemblies
sheet metal
hose/cable routing
electrical component packaging
inclusion of programming code in a model to control and relate desired attributes of the model
Programmable design studies and optimization
Sophisticated visual analysis routines, for draft, curvature, curvature continuity...
 
 
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